First World War Sources Questions

The sources 8,9 and 10 can all be used as evidence about the role of generals in the First World War. However, the reliability of the sources can be questioned. Source 8 is in the form of a novel. This could mean, as the source is not entirely genuine, that some of the information is exaggerated. Another reason why this source may not be correct is the date that it was written. By 1989 many of the memories and much of the information has become distorted or ‘hazy'. This could mean that, again, the information in the source is not wholly correct. Source 9 is a soldiers song from the war. This kind of song is usually extremely biased, as it often shows the true feelings of the soldiers who wrote and sang it. Also it maybe exaggerated and may not indicate actual information, affecting how reliable it is as evidence. However, songs and poems can give us an accurate representation of soldiers feelings about the subject. This is due to the fact that, although letters and the like are censored for content considered to be delicate or critical, songs and poems are not usually censored. This is strengthened by the fact that it agrees with sources 2 and 3, which are soldiers views of Haig. In addition, this song is primary information and the views will not have been changed over time. However, it does not agree with source 12, by Marshall Foch, who worked with Haig, and says he was â€Å"wise, loyal and energetic†, contradicting evidence from the song about how Haig did not actually contribute to the war effort. Source 10 is written as a poem. It was written during the war by a soldier who fought in the war, and therefore would be accurate and unchanged. However the soldier, Siegfried Sassoon, was injured in the Battle of Arras, and therefore would have bitter feelings, and would possibly even feel vengeful of the leadership of the army. Sassoon also protested against the war after speaking to two pacifists and was sent to a wartime mental institute to recover from shellshock, to cover up the protest, instead of the usual punishment for that kind of thing. This source was also written after the major battles of 1916 and 1917, when the attitude towards General Haig had changed somewhat, because of the mass fatalities and casualty numbers. Source 9 says that Haig â€Å"boasts and skites†. This indicates that Haig is arrogant and boastful, a suggestion which is mirrored in sources 2 and 3 which criticise Haig's leadership, and source 8, when the clearing of the dead from the battlefield at night is likened to â€Å"clearing the table ready for the Generals next game of soldiers†. This is seen as an everyday thing which does not require much thought. This also suggests that Haig was childish and incompetent, as a game of soldiers is associated with childhood games. The suggestion of incompetence is confirmed by source 10: â€Å"he did for them both by his plan of attack†. This agrees with sources 2 and 3 where Haig is called a â€Å"butcher†. However, this is again disputed by source 12, but also by source 13, which shows Haig to be thoughtful and wise. Source 11, also, says that it was due to Haig's â€Å"grim determination† and â€Å"organisational ability† that the war was won. Source 4 agrees with this by saying he felt â€Å"quite sad† about the deaths of the men. However, this suggests that he is unfit to lead the army as he cannot plan an efficient attack which minimises the numbers of casualties. As these sources tend to agree on these subjects, it suggests that the sources are more reliable. Source 9 says that Haig was â€Å"safely in the rear†, which is consolidated by source 3, which says that he lived â€Å"50 kilometres behind the line†. This also suggests that the source is more reliable as it is backed up by other sources. 6. (a) Sources 11, 12 and 13 all complement Haig as being a very worthy leader of the British army. Source 11 begins by saying how David Lloyd George, the British Prime Minister did not have a lot of faith in Haig's ability, and that he removed the Generals command. This shows that other people did not believe that Haig was a good general. However, source 11 goes on to say that Haig worked with the Allied commander, Foch. The source says that it was due to Haig's â€Å"organisational ability† and â€Å"grim determination† that the German army was eventually defeated. This shows that Haig had the skills required to be a good general, and that he had the ability to lead the British army. Source 12 describes Haig's policy as being â€Å"wise, loyal and energetic†. This means that the Allied Commander believed fully in the General. This shows that Haig was intelligent and that he was devoted to his country. Source 13, by Haig himself, highlights qualities in Haig. He says â€Å"I think this is a mistake, because it is merely laying up trouble for the future†. This shows that he is looking to the future, and using foresight. This agrees with the previous source, which said that Haig was â€Å"wise†. He also demonstrates intelligence by saying he doubts whether Germany are â€Å"sufficiently low yet†. He is also demonstrating humanitarianism by saying that he thinks that punishing Germany is a â€Å"mistake†. This evidence all shows that Haig is a wise, worthy leader. 6. (b) There is an important reason why the views expressed in sources 11, 12 and 13 are different to those expressed in sources 8, 9 and 10. This is because the writers of these sources have entirely different perspectives of the war. In sources 8, 9 and 10, the writers all have very narrow perspectives of the war. Source 8 is written from a soldiers point of view. This means all the soldier would see and think about would be his own trench, the bad conditions, and the amount of people dying around him. He would also see horrific diseases, such as trench foot, knee deep mud and rats. Therefore, from this, the soldier may blame the commanders, as they are seen as living â€Å"50 kilometres behind the line†, (source 3), in relative luxury. Sources 9 and 10 would also have this attitude as they are also written by, or about soldiers. Sources 11, 12 and 13 are all written by socially higher, higher ranking people, or, in the case of source 11, an historian with a wider perspective and hindsight. These people have a different view to that of the soldiers in that they weigh up land gained against the number of casualties. From this point of view, the General would not seem as bad as from the perspective of the soldiers, who only see terrible conditions and men being killed around them, as in, for example, the battle of the Somme, where conditions were terrible, and huge amounts of men were dying. The General also had a political agenda, and had other things to think about other than conditions of trenches and the things that concerned the men. All the writers of these sources are from similar social classes, and would probably ‘stick together'. This may provide another explanation for the attitude taken. In source 11, it mentions that David Lloyd George, the British Prime Minister at the time, did not have as much faith in Haig as, for example, Foch. Lloyd George did not bestow this confidence on Haig because of the heavy losses at Passchendaele. Therefore, it could be said that Lloyd George is agreeing with the like of the writers of sources 8, 9 and 10, and supporting their ideas. This is also suggesting that Haig executed wrong decisions, and his leadership should be questioned, in accordance with the soldiers views. 7. There are a number of factors which could make it seem that the allied victories of 1918 were gained â€Å"against overwhelming odds†. To begin with, the Bolshevik revolution in Russia meant that Russia left the war, causing an influx of German soldiers leaving the Russian front line, and arriving at the Western front. This would mean, that if the battles were won, they would have been won against overwhelming odds due to the sheer numbers of troops on the Western front line. In addition to this, Turkey was also repelling troops away from its fronts, adding to the problems and odds of British victory. The Battle of the Somme was seen as one of the worst battles during World War One. Thousands of men were killed on the first day alone. However, there was very little land gained from the battle. The reason that the offensive was such a failure was that the artillery fire which was supposed to destroy all German forces and bunkers failed. As this failed, as soon as the artillery barrage ceased, the Allied troops went to the German strongholds where they expected there to be little or no resistance. However, the German machine gun posts had been set up, and the men were killed by the hundred. Also, the barbed wire, which was supposedly cut very well, was cut in scarce places, so that the machine gunners merely had to point at a single place and fire. This meant that casualty numbers were enormous. However, the British army learnt many lessons from this battle and were, it is said, transformed into professionals from this battle. Thus, battles such as the Battle of Cambrai, in 1918, were won easily and effectively with low numbers of casualties. Therefore, the battles could be seen to have been won against overwhelming odds. However, there was a bad effect on morale due to the losses of the Battle of the Somme, and also due to battles such as Ypres and Passchendaele. This can be seen from sources 2,3,8 and 9. Source 2 says that Haig was known as the â€Å"butcher† around 1917, which would be just after the major battles. Source 3 â€Å"I don't think he knew what a trench was like†, while source 8 says the General was playing a â€Å"game of soldiers, and source 9- â€Å"the men who really did the job are dead and in their grave†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . The soldiers are all are very bitter and angry towards Haig and the leadership. This was because weapons were not integrated into tactics properly (like the tank at the Battle of the Somme), the tactics were poor, and bad decisions were made on the part of the Generals, such as where to fire the artillery at the Somme. Therefore this shows that the battles that were won in 1918 were won against overwhelming odds due to low morale, bad tactics, and ba dly integrated weapons. There were other problems with British tactics. One was that the British leader's mentality was that of offensive warfare, they had an ‘attacking mentality'. This meant that they did not believe in defence, and because the Germans used the machine gun so effectively, there were huge odds against the British troops gaining any ground at all. Also, the British did not properly utilise the machine gun to its full capacity, and therefore were not as defensively capable as the Germans. As a result of this, the German Ludendorff offensive, operation Michael, very nearly succeeded, with the allies only just managing to hold their line. The allies learnt important lessons from this, and were much more defensive. Tanks were also a failure in their trial run, as sources 6 and 7 support. Source 6 says that â€Å"twenty-eight broke down†¦ and the remaining thirty-two scurried into the mud†. Overall, much of the new British weaponry was not properly blended with the tactics. Thi s meant that it was very unlikely that any land could be gained. There are, however, reasons which make it seem that the battles were not so difficult, and that the odds were easy. One important factor which supports this is that America joined the war. By doing this they brought with them money, expertise, and overall, more troops. This boosted morale, and the numbers of troops on all fronts was increased. There were other major factors which possibly helped the allies to win victories. The German troops were hit by Spanish Influenza, causing them to lose many men before they even got to the fronts. This reduced the numbers of opposing troops, and so allowed the allies easier victories. In addition to this, Italy left Germany's side, and, as a result, Germany had less troops, and the allies had more. This hindered Germany, and coupled with the loss of troops through Spanish ‘Flu, caused a large problem. Another problem for the German's was the submarine blockade by the allies, which meant that they were running low on supplies, and were struggling to keep going on the supplies they had. Although the Tank was used poorly in the Somme, it was greatly improved, and used to it's full potential in the Battle of Cambrai in 1918. This gave the allies a huge advantage, and weakened the odds against victory. This is backed by historian Gary Sheffield- â€Å"the British army is an effective fighting machine†. In source 7, it justifies Haig's use of Tanks because of the need to break the stalemate on the western front. In addition there is the need for an actual trial run to test the tanks on the battlefield. – John Terraine also says that the Allied leaders deserve more credit than they were given. This can be justified and refuted by a number of points. Firstly, the allied leaders were criticised for using bad tactics, and for not caring about men's lives. However, if the leadership was so terrible, why were the generals not replaced? Also, the generals were given rewards at the end of the war, and this may not have happened if the leaders were as bad as is said. The leaders were seen as terrible because of the nature of the job they did. Whatever they did, men would die, and Haig saw this. Also, the Generals were under tight scrutiny, and what they did was being seen for the first time, so naturally people were shocked. However, Haig could not have been sacked due to the huge amount of public scrutiny. If he was sacked, there would be an outcry that the army was being led by an incapable leader, and this would lead to lower morale, and men would stop joining up. Haig was also good friends with the King and was in a high up social position. Therefore it would be hard to sack him. There was also no-one to replace him that was seen to be well enough qualified. However, if Haig just took for granted that whatever he did, men would die, then possibly he would not try to prevent this. Haig's plan was â€Å"to kill more Germans than they could kill British†. These are terrible tactics to employ, but that was the way he was taught to look at it. Also, there was no evidence that British losses were any higher than those of the other countries. Therefore there is evidence for and against the argument of whether the generals have been given enough credit. One of the major criticisms displayed in the sources written by soldiers is that Haig lived so far behind the line. Source 3 says â€Å"he lived almost 50 kilometres behind the line†. However, there was no need for him to live close to the line. He was required to have a wide perspective of all the fronts and living close to the front line would not allow this. He also thought that he needed to distance himself from his officers, so as to inspire confidence. However, the criticism against this is that as a result of this, he had â€Å"no idea of what he was sending men into†, says Laffin, a reliable historian. This would affect his judgement, and it could be said that he did not care about his men if he did not even know where he was sending them. This is backed by source 3 which says â€Å"I don't think he knew what a trench was like†. It is also backed by source 4, which says I feel quite sad at times when I see them march past me†, and source 10: â€Å"When we met him last week on our way to the line†. This shows that he is not very sad about the fact that these men will probably die. Also, it agrees with the fact that he lives a long way behind the line. A point which backs Haig's tactics is that Haig was taught to lead the way he lead. At school, Haig was taught to attack, and not defend, thus it can be understood why he did not properly know how to use weapons like the machine gun. Also, he was using the 1900 cavalry training manual, considered to be standard military doctrine, which concentrates a lot on horses and cavalry, rather than new, more modern techniques. This is strengthened by sources 6 and 7, which say that he hoped to use the tanks he had to â€Å"give him the edge†. However, he should possibly have made the effort to change the ways he commanded the army, in line with the modern advances in weaponry. Also, although Haig was taught to always attack, and that defence was cowardly, tactics change, and he possibly should have adapted to counter the changes. Haig was taught to compare the land gained to the men lost. He was also taught to not be bothered by large numbers of deaths so long as it was justifiable. A possible reason for this is that he believed very strongly in the presence of God at his side. Although rather optimistic, he believed that God would see him through and help him to win the battle. He also believed that men that died on the battlefield for their country went merely to â€Å"a different room†, and that because they had died patriotically that they would be greatly honoured in death. Haig was seen to be a good commander who motivated his officers, although one of his main failings was that he did not correct mistakes, he merely stood back and let them continue, a failing that is very significant when training officers. Haig said that it was not his job to direct the army, that that was the job of his subordinates, and that he just trains and prepares the army. However, if he does not correct mistakes, then he cannot be training the army very well. Haig was heavily criticised for the mass fatalities at the battle of Passchendaele. Many men died there, and Haig lost a lot of credibility from the failure. Objectives were not met either, although there could be an explanation for Haig's failure here and at the Somme and Ypres. Haig's Chief of Intelligence continued to tell him that the German's were on the brink of defeat, and that one more wave of men would finish them. This was not always entirely true, although Haig had no evidence to suggest otherwise. Therefore, the fact that tactics were repeatedly bad, and that many men lost their lives could be explained. However, Haig repeatedly went against the advice of his second-in-command, and the government, especially about the Somme. He was advised about which areas of the Somme to bomb, and he also was advised to call off the Somme offensive. It was said that it was not even realistically possible to gain any land from the Somme campaign anyway. This could, however, be explained by the feed of wrong intelligence mentioned earlier. There was a wide perception that the war would be â€Å"over by Christmas†. The Generals had to try and make this a reality, if not by Christmas, then as soon as possible after. This is shown in source 7, â€Å"I shall use what I have got, as I cannot wait any longer for them†. Therefore another reason can be offered to justify why the Generals sent in as many men as possible and bad tactics were repeated. Haig was removed temporarily and replaced by the French commander, Foch, who Haig collaborated well with. Haig was removed by Lloyd George, the British prime minister, who had very little experience of the war and had only visited the front line once, to see the son of a fellow politician in a field hospital. Therefore he could not really have made the decision of whether Haig should have been removed of not. Foch said Haig was â€Å"wise, loyal, and energetic†. Therefore the commander who Haig was replaced by says that he was a worthy commander, meaning that surely he is. There are many arguments for and against whether the victories of 1918 were won against overwhelming odds. However, from all the evidence, and the sources, the verdict can be reached that they were not. This conclusion is reached mainly because of all the hindrances upon the German army, coupled with the changing of sides by Italy, and the joining of the United States of America. All these things added together meant that although the battles of 1918 were difficult, they were not gained against â€Å"overwhelming odds†. The British army had had time to prepare, and was ready for the battles. There are also discussions about whether the Allied leaders really deserve more credit than they have already had. Again, from all the sources and evidence, the conclusion can be made that they do not deserve more credit. This is due to the fact that Haig's tactics were dated, he did not integrate new weaponry he was given, and he did not care enough for the men's lives that he sent into battle. Although he was given exaggerated information, and he could not have been sacked for various reasons, as Laffin said, â€Å"Haig did not win, he was there at the finish†.

Recommendation Report Example Essay

Summary: Smash Design decide to purchase new chairs and some ergonomic items to solve the problem of employees feel uncomfortable and get sick in their work environment. This report evaluate the Herman Miller Chairs and Steel Case Leap Chairs, Simple Package and Deluxe Package offer by Staple supplies, and Rocco and Rita’s Gym membership. Aeron Chairs with higher price than Leap Chair, but have more functions to comfort a human body than Leap Chair also with a longer warranty. Deluxe Package offer by Staples covers more ergonomic items than Simple package, the price is higher. Rocco and Rita’s Gym offer the deal of annual fee $50 per employee if we sign up more than 50 people. Final recommendations come up with purchase Aeron Chairs, Simple Package offer by Staples, and sign up Rocco and Rita’s Gym membership. Introduction: Smash Design recently received a lot of complaints about sore backs from our employees. After I did some research, I found out absenteeism is up by 10% this year. This problem is caused to chairs are getting old, also were not good designed that use body science to decrease the pressure and prevent backaches. After the discussion with Ellen page, we decided to buy some new chairs, ergonomic keyboards and mouse pad to solve the problem of employees feel uncomfortable and get sick in their working environment. We also decided to sign up gym memberships located at next building for our employees. Exercises will help employee to develop fitness. Ellen Page has asked me to evaluate the better chair Herman Miller and Steel Case chairs. Compare the simple packages and deluxe package small ergonomic items. This report is not including absenteeism report, and also not includes yoga option. Criteria: For the main purpose of improve the working environment for the employees, and make them feel more comfortable, we applied the following criteria: 1. Comfort: For solving the problem of employee feel uncomfortable and get sick in their working environment. Products must be well design with special attention to ergonomics, reducing the pressure and preventing injuries. 2. Warranty: Smash Design invests on some expensive chairs, for the purpose of return, products must can last at least 5 years, and also with 5-year or more warranty. 3. Price: Maximum $1000 per employee includes office chairs, ergonomic office supplies, and gym membership. Analysis: Chairs Herman Miller Aeron Chairs: Aeron Chair is created by Herman Miller with special attention to ergonomics it can fit all the human body and provide them comfort support, and adjustment is easy to use. Aeron Chair’s PostureFit function can support pelvis lean forward naturally then the spine can be align, and prevent backache. Kinemat tilt technology can let human body’s joints pivot naturally. Breathable fabric material can keep body pressure even and decrease the body pressure. Aeron chairs provide lifetime warranty to the customers. It sells at $900 per chair. Staff will help set up chairs and arrange workstations to reduce injuries, if purchase more than 5 chairs. Steal Case Leap Chairs: Leap Chair is created by Steel Case with features of changeable back shape can support entire spine when the user change his posture, and also can decrease the spine stress and spinal ligaments. The back control system can let the user adjust the back angels until it match user’s comfort. Leap Chairs provide three-year warranty to the customer. It sells at $700 per chair. Herman Miller Aeron Chair Steal Case Leap Chairs Comfort Very Comfort Comfort Warranty Lifetime Three years Price $900 $700 Staples Ergonomic Office Supplies Simple Package: Simple package provides ergonomic items such as gel pad for mice and keyboards, stress balls, massage devices, at the come up with the price of $100 per person. Deluxe Package: Deluxe package provides same items as simple package also with additional items such as footrest, neck supports, monitor support and specially design electronic devices. Rocco and Rita’s Gym Memberships If more than 50 people sign up, we can get the deal of annual fee $50 per employee. Conclusion: Aeron Chairs were designed use ergonomics to decrease pressure. The back support technology can prevent backaches. Adjustable sacral support can fit different people. Aeron Chairs are lifetime warranty. If purchase more than 5 chairs, staff will help to set up the chair to make it fit for different employees. The price is $900. Leap Chairs are designed for human comfort, with adjustable back shape and arm, but has not much function as Aeron Chairs, only 3 years warranty. The price is $700, lower than Aeron Chairs. Staple Ergonomic Supplies offer Deluxe Package and Simple Package. Simple Package offers Gel pads for mice and keyboards, Stress balls, Massage devices, and the price is $100 per person. Deluxe Package also include other  ergonomic supplies and electronic devices, but the price $250 per person. Rocco and Rita’s Gym offer the deal of annual fee $50 per employee if we sign up more than 50 people. Recommendation: I recommend we purchase Aeron Chairs for our employee, Aeron chair meet the most criteria, and have addition offers. Staple Deluxe package covers more ergonomic items than Simple package, but it’s over pricing. And Aeron Chairs’ functions already cover some usability of ergonomic items. So I recommend we buy the Simple Package from Staples supplies. Sign up the gym membership will exceed $50 of the budget per employee, but I still strongly recommend we sign up the gym membership to improve employees’ fitness.

Saluer - to greet, salute - French Verb Conjugation

The  French verb  saluer means to greet or salute  but can also mean  to take ones leave. Find simple conjugations for this regular -er verb in the tables below. Conjugations of Saluer Present Future Imperfect Present participle je salue saluerai saluais saluant tu salues salueras saluais il salue saluera saluait nous saluons saluerons saluions vous saluez saluerez saluiez ils saluent salueront saluaient Pass compos Auxiliary verb avoir Past participle salu Subjunctive Conditional Pass simple Imperfect subjunctive je salue saluerais saluai saluasse tu salues saluerais saluas saluasses il salue saluerait salua salut nous saluions saluerions salumes saluassions vous saluiez salueriez salutes saluassiez ils saluent salueraient salurent saluassent Imperative tu salue nous saluons vous saluez Verb conjugation patternSaluer  is a  regular -ER verb

The Bizarre Secret of Best Research Paper Sites

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Storytelling and Its Relevance - 909 Words

Storytelling and its relevance Storytelling is, as a concept, built upon the fundamental question of why. From the dawn of civilization to the marketing activities of a silicon-valley technology company, the success of every endeavor in between can be traced to the resolution of this fundamental question. â€Å"Storytelling is one of the few human traits that are truly universal across culture and through all of known history,† writes Jeremy Hsu for Scientific American . â€Å"Anthropologists find evidence of folktales everywhere in ancient cultures, written in Sanskrit, Latin, Greek, Chinese, Egyptian and Sumerian. People in societies of all types weave narratives, from oral storytellers in hunter-gatherer tribes to the millions of writers churning out books, television shows and movies.† In his book The Triumph of Narrative, Robert Fulford writes about the historical significance of narratives and their impact on culture through time and generations. When ancient man’s crop failed, for example, he wanted to know why. To the non-scientific mind, the most compelling explanations arose in the form of religion; crops failed because the gods were unhappy and required tribute. The power of these stories, as mentioned, lies in the fact that on some level in the consciousness of the audience they make sense – they resolve the question of why and provide explanation for the happenings around the brain. â€Å"The story—from Rapunzel to War and Peace—is one of the basic tools invented by theShow MoreRelatedThe Oral Skills Of Little Children Essay970 Words   |  4 Pages Reading stories and storytelling have been hypothesized to affect the oral skills of little children. It was claimed that children who were told stories would use more formal lan guage than the those who do not. 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An epic hero is an icon for everyone to relate to, they symbolize different lessons to learn. The epic hero archetype exists as a source of entertainment but also as a demonstrative tool. Their moralsRead MoreEvolution Of Religion Studies, Theories, And Criticis ms By Tom Sjoblom1284 Words   |  6 PagesTheories, Critiques by Tom Sjà ¶blom the author attempts to identify what various actions taken by prehistoric humans mean. Sjà ¶blom begins by explaining that humans are storytelling species and that this storytelling was extremely important to our cognitive evolution as well as the creation of symbolic and cultural behavior. This storytelling ability and cultural behavior he believes arises from, â€Å"a narrative mind which emerged with the appearance of early modern humans over 200,000 years ago and that someRead MoreEssay on Dementia: Reminiscence Therapy and Montessori Method1214 Words   |  5 Pages This essay is a comparative research study into the effectiveness and relevance of two interventions for people with dementia; Reminiscence Therapy and Montessori Method. The two methods will be analysed for their relevance and effectiveness, as well as comparing to discover their differences and similarities, with consideration to the supporting underlying psychology. In many ways the theories of Reminiscence and Montessori are about effecting the past into the here and now, which in essence isRead Morequot;The Ravenquot; - a Critical Deconstruction Essay example507 Words   |  3 Pageshas come from the Nights Plutonian shore, Poe calls upon the myth of Pluto, the God of the Underworld, the land of the dead in Greek mythology. The Raven, therefore, may be thought of as a creature from the land of the dead. The corresponding relevance of this in the poem is that his loss and grief have taken on a living and tangible form of their own. The Raven is then representative of a side of his grieving that demands acknowledgement before he can be released from the throes of his conditionRead MoreNegatives And Negatives Of Print1495 Words   |  6 Pagesof physical copies of print media, but will still always have an importance in our lives due to the significance that it has carried for many years, and without it the digital age could not of come abou t. As the digital age has come into extreme relevance in the twenty first century, the use of print has gone down in importance, with a more recent communications technology now in the spot light. This has had an extreme impact on certain industries, for example the print media industry has seen a dramaticRead MoreFoundations of Mythology Essay757 Words   |  4 Pagescontents of the word. It can have a religious tone to it, where it describes the foundations of some people’s belief system as most religions do. In an extreme case it can shape someone’s way of life. It can also be used as an escape from reality in storytelling, where the author can create a whole other mystical world where logic doesn’t matter and you can bend the rules of reality as needed to fit the story. And also it can more of a dismissive tone to it. Where someone can take something that disobeysRead MoreCharacterism In A Dolls House And The Great Santini781 Words   |  4 Pageskilled by war since that person has been long gone and most like won’t have any real relevance to the â€Å"plot† of the paper. These two works I perceive have some warrant for audience communication, but not as much as readers would think there would be. These works I feel take a more â€Å"take it or leave it† approach to the audience about its meaning. Even though I harped about the pieces and their direction of storytelling, I actually liked both of the pieces. A Doll’s House presented a normal life situation

Indian Nationalsim Essay Example For Students

Indian Nationalsim Essay Indian nationalism was not a simple unification of Indians against colonial rule. There were many complexities involved in forming an organization that sought to speak on behalf of the people, and many of these challenges were posed to the Indian National Congress because their leadership consisted of the Hindu elite. In 1885, the Indian National Congress was formed through the initiative of Allen Octavian Hume, and it quickly became the chief organization representing the will of the common people and sought to lead the Indians in their struggle for freedom. The major drawbacks of the early nationalists was that the movement was confined to educated Indians and the middle class, while their method of functioning was within the law and slow. As Indian leaders gradually became disillusioned with the British Government, the new leaders began to assert for the attainment of Swaraj, which could be achieved only by working among the masses and their participation in political protests such as the boycott of British goods, called Swadeshi. As seen in the movie, Home and the World, this type of protest was much easier for those of the upper and middle classes. Since British goods were cheaper and of a better quality than Indian goods, they were vital to peasant life. Most were unable to simply give up British goods, and consequently, class tensions developed. There was increasing violence and riots erupted between peasants and wealthy landowners. At the same time, religious tensions increased, as many of the peasants affected by these changes were also Muslims. At this point, we begin to have questions arise over whether the Congress is truly acting on behalf of all the people in India. There begins the idea that Muslims must rally together to ensure that their needs are not overlooked by the Congress. On October 16, 1905, Lord Curzon partitioned Bengal on the pretext of it being too big to administer. Instead of dividing it based on areas not considered part of Bengal, they based the division on Hindus and Muslims. The British thought that through the partition, they would succeed in dividing Hindu politicians of western and eastern Bengal and increase Hindu- Muslim tensions. The tremor of partition was felt throughout India and many regarded it as an insult and challenge to Indian Nationalism. Consequently, the moderates of the Congress launched movements and the protests, Swadeshi and Swaraj, became the slogan of the common man and the whole of India was drawn into the Nationalist movement in one way or another. For many Muslims, the only way to respond to the British and the Congress was through the formation of the All India Muslim League in 1906. This acted as a direct challenge to the National Congress’ authority to speak on behalf of the nation. The Congress was also facing challenges because they continually tried to depolitisize the internal social problems of India, and focus on the problems of British Raj. While the Congress called for mass action they were also implying elite control, and more peasants were becoming worried that their concerns would not be addressed. The Congress was now faced with the problem of not only addressing the peasants concerns, but also securing them as members of the movement. Up until this point they had systematically called for the peasants to subsume to the interests of their landlords, with the idea that once they attained Swaraj, all problems would be solved. Nevertheless, these ideas were still predicated on the fact that the rich would re main in control. It is not until the Congress is lead by Mahandas Gandhi in 1920 that steps are taken to unify the movement and face the challenges poised by the peasants and Muslims. Under the leadership of Gandhi, the Non-cooperation movement was launched, beginning with renunciation of honorary titles like â€Å"Sir† given by the British. Thereafter it was followed by the boycott of legislatures, elections and other Government works. Foreign clothes were burnt and Khadi became a symbol of freedom. His 1930 Dandi march, in protest of the salt tax shows how he could take an issue that affected the peasants, turn it into a source of strength, and idealize the simplistic, virtuous life of the peasant. The movement was a great success despite firing and arrests, and for the first time really appealed to the peasants. His emphasis on the individual, and the desire of the â€Å"self† in seeking change of one’s conditions appealed to many, as his messages of moral pu rity helped ease tensions between Hindus and Muslims. .uc1b2599685611e82ee12a19575ea7be4 , .uc1b2599685611e82ee12a19575ea7be4 .postImageUrl , .uc1b2599685611e82ee12a19575ea7be4 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc1b2599685611e82ee12a19575ea7be4 , .uc1b2599685611e82ee12a19575ea7be4:hover , .uc1b2599685611e82ee12a19575ea7be4:visited , .uc1b2599685611e82ee12a19575ea7be4:active { border:0!important; } .uc1b2599685611e82ee12a19575ea7be4 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc1b2599685611e82ee12a19575ea7be4 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc1b2599685611e82ee12a19575ea7be4:active , .uc1b2599685611e82ee12a19575ea7be4:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc1b2599685611e82ee12a19575ea7be4 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc1b2599685611e82ee12a19575ea7be4 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc1b2599685611e82ee12a19575ea7be4 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc1b2599685611e82ee12a19575ea7be4 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc1b2599685611e82ee12a19575ea7be4:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc1b2599685611e82ee12a19575ea7be4 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc1b2599685611e82ee12a19575ea7be4 .uc1b2599685611e82ee12a19575ea7be4-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc1b2599685611e82ee12a19575ea7be4:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Diabetes Type 1 EssayNevertheless, it was still hard to unify India under the Nationalist movement, because it assumed that all Indians shared a common idea of nationalism. Unfortunately, this was not as clear as they thought, as the people of India defined themselves along many different categorical lines. While most may have wanted Swaraj, complications arise as to who can best serve those needs, and who has the right to rule. These were the fundamental reasons why the Indian National Congress was faced with so many challenges. Bibliography:

Looking For Alaska Discussion free essay sample

The before and after approach in Looking for Alaska is vital to the story in multiple ways. Throughout the story, Miles undergoes a journey of self-discovery, during which he gains his independence; establishing confidence in his social skills and personal relationships. As John Green says in his interview, â€Å"Humans tend to measure time within the framework of important events. † Though Miles’s confidence has begun to blossom prior to Alaska’s accident, her death strikes a dramatic change in his view on life as well as his overall personality. Her death, as John Green says, is â€Å"the defining moment of these people’s lives (at least so far) and it reshapes their relationship to the world so completely that it also reshapes their understanding of time. † Miles now views his life in two separate chapters: before and after Alaska. Tragic events in our lifetime almost always change our entire view of the world, causing us to view situations and relationships in a completely different way. We will write a custom essay sample on Looking For Alaska Discussion or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I think that Miles’s story of how he deals with the tragic loss of his close friend and how it changes him as a person is highly relatable to young readers such as myself dealing with similar situations. Another way that the before and after structure contributes to the story, unrelated to Miles and other secondary characters, is the foreshadowing of Alaska’s tragic fate. Alaska makes multiple comments throughout the story, such as â€Å"I may die young, but at least I’ll die smart† and â€Å"I smoke to die†. I believe that her character signifies the constant struggle we as humans go through to try to understand and cope with the unfair suffering that we constantly witness every day. After Alaska’s death, Miles and his friends all must learn to cope with this tragic event, and each person must do so in their own way. In the end each character grows significantly, especially Miles, by learning to accept things we cannot change or understand, and using those experiences to grow from, which is the major turning point of the story, impacts the characters in an extremely significant way; their view on life will never be the same. Time is one of the most important factors in our lives. We as humans generally live a repetitive lifestyle, having the same daily routine of work, school, family, or hobbies; until one day a random event occurs that completely shifts our perception of reality and turns our world upside down. I myself have lost someone close to me, so reading of Alaska’s death, and Miles’s reaction to it, evoked strong emotions for me. I remember the feeling of utter disbelief; the inability to accept the overwhelming realty of death. In that moment my mindset was still stuck in the past; the past in which my friend was still alive. The moment that a person accepts the reality of a dramatic life change is the moment that their lives switch from â€Å"before† to â€Å"after†. The world around us moves on and we continue on our daily routine, but things will never be the same. The before and after structure in this book is in tune with how we view the past, which is a sequence of memorable events that play factors in the life decisions that we make.